1) Installing SharePoint 2010 on Windows 2008 Server R2
http://mosshowto.blogspot.com/2009/11/installing-sharepoint-2010-windows-2008.html
2) Hardware and software requirements (SharePoint Server 2010)
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-in/library/cc262485(en-us).aspx
3) Setting Up the Development Environment for SharePoint 2010 on Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows Server 2008
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee554869.aspx
Note:
If your developer workstation is set up with the Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 or Windows Server 2008 R2 operating system, you can install SharePoint 2010 by running the PrerequisiteInstaller.exe tool